Right hemicolectomy is the main surgical procedures for colon cancer. However, this procedure requires a relatively high level of surgical proficiency, as it involves vascular anatomical variations, a surgical field adjacent to vital organs such as the duodenum and pancreas, and the frequent need to manage lymph node metastasis. In recent years, with the development of deep learning algorithms, three-dimensional vascular reconstruction technology, and high-definition fluorescence laparoscopy, the application of digital intelligence in minimally invasive right hemicolectomy has been gradually implemented. This article aims to review the latest advances in right colon vascular reconstruction, real-time lymph node tracking and artificial intelligence-assisted intraoperative decision-making to elucidate the current status of digital intelligence in the minimally invasive treatment of right colon cancer, and also offer perspectives on its possible future directions.

The mesenteric vessels of the right colon have complex classifications and high variation rates. Restricted by planar field of view, traditional two-dimensional laparoscopy has inherent shortcomings in preoperative vascular prediction, intraoperative fine dissection, complete central lymph node dissection and quantitative perioperative risk assessment. The digital intelligent technology system centered on AI 3D reconstruction, 3D printed physical models, fluorescent laparoscopy, surgical robots, MR real-time superimposed navigation and deep learning intraoperative recognition can reduce core surgical risks such as vascular laceration, massive hemorrhage and incomplete lymph node cleaning from the whole process of preoperative planning, intraoperative operation and postoperative quality control, and significantly improve the standardization of D3 radical resection. Based on comprehensive intelligent imaging evaluation of tumor T stage, Henle trunk classification and patients' underlying comorbidities, a three-level individualized surgical stratification scheme can match adapted minimally invasive equipment, dissection scope and digestive tract reconstruction methods for low, medium and high-risk populations to realize differentiated precise surgical treatment. Compared with traditional Logistic regression models, machine learning models constructed based on random forest and SVM algorithms have significantly higher discrimination and predictive efficiency for anastomotic leakage, surgical site infection and long-term tumor recurrence. The deep integration of digital intelligent diagnosis and treatment platform and individualized stratified surgical model has reshaped the traditional minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment paradigm of right colon cancer, which can simultaneously improve the radicality of tumor resection, intraoperative safety and patients' long-term quality of life. However, there are obvious gaps in the intraoperative real-time occlusion removal recognition algorithm of AI and long-term multicenter oncological endpoint evidence of domestic surgical robots at this stage. Larger-scale, longer follow-up prospective randomized controlled studies are needed to further verify its clinical promotion value.

This video demonstrates the standardized procedure of robot-assisted right hemicolectomy via the medial approach, aiming to promote a safe and efficient minimally invasive technique. The procedure employs a standard four-arm robotic system, with the patient in a head-up, left-tilted position. Using a ventral-caudal approach as the first cutting, dissection is initiated beneath the ileocolic vessels to access the posterior ascending colon space. The Toldt's interface is precisely exposed with the following main trunk of the superior mesenteric vessels. The ileocolic, right colic, and right branch of the middle colic arteries are sequentially ligated and divided at their origins, and regional lymph nodes are completely dissected. The whole right sight colon is then mobilized in a counterclockwise direction. This approach does not require frequent position changes, adheres entirely to the concept of membrane anatomy, and effectively leverages the robotic system's advantages of stability and dexterity, serving as a reference for robot-assisted minimally invasive radical surgery for right colon cancer.

This report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a 53-year-old male patient with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer was performed 8 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy. The procedure adhered to the principles of total mesorectal excision, with complete dissection of the No. 253 lymph node group and preservation of the left colic artery. The bowel was transected 5 cm distal to the lower tumor margin, followed by end-to-end anastomosis reinforced with barbed suture. No protective stoma was created. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged. Postoperative pathology revealed ypT₂N₀M₀, with no lymphatic, vascular, or perineural invasion. This case suggests that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy can effectively achieve pathological downstaging in locally advanced rectal cancer, providing a reference for clinical decision-making.

To explore the tumor growth of breast cancer (BC) during the interval from the completion of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) to surgery.

The clinical data of 106 breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy treated between January 2020 and November 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 68.9% received chemotherapy alone (chemotherapy-only group), and 31.1% received chemotherapy combined with anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapy (combined therapy group). Continuous variables with normal distribution were expressed as （

The interval from the end of neoadjuvant therapy to surgery ranged from 8 to 28 days, with a mean of (15.0±3.2) days. The 95% reference range of the interval was 9 to 21 days, and all patients underwent surgery within 4 weeks (28 days) after NAT completion. No significant correlations were observed between each time interval (interval from NAT completion to surgery, interval from NAT completion to MRI examination, interval from post-NAT MRI to surgery) and tumor size recorded in pathological reports. The only parameter significantly correlated with pathological tumor size was the tumor size measured by MRI after neoadjuvant therapy (r=0.820), (P<0.001). The difference in tumor size between post-NAT MRI measurement and surgical pathology showed no correlation with the time interval from NAT completion to surgery (P>0.05). The ratio of residual tumor size on post-NAT MRI to the interval from NAT completion to surgery was significantly correlated with pathological tumor size (P<0.001), indicating that neoadjuvant therapy still exerted favorable effects for several weeks after treatment completion.

All enrolled patients underwent surgery within 4 weeks after neoadjuvant therapy. No significant correlation was found between time interval and tumor progression. Combined with the conventional surgical window of 2-4 weeks in domestic and international clinical practice for breast cancer after neoadjuvant therapy, performing surgery within 2 to 4 weeks after the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is reasonable. This time window is unlikely to cause clinically meaningful changes in residual tumor size.

To explore the characteristics of lymph node metastasis distribution, risk factors, and prognostic differences between upper and lower gastric cancers.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical case data of 1 318 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent radical gastrectomy from January 2018 to January 2020. The patients were divided into the upper gastric cancer group (n=612) and the lower gastric cancer group (n=706) based on the tumor location. SPSS 26.0 statistical software and R 4.2.2 software were used to analyze the data. The characteristics of lymph node metastasis in the two groups were compared. Logistic regression and Cox regression were used to analyze the risk factors and prognostic influencing factors.

The lymph node metastasis rate of upper gastric cancer was higher than that of lower gastric cancer (35.3% vs 28.3%, P=0.009), and the number of metastatic lymph nodes was greater (3.9±3.2 vs 3.0±2.8, P<0.001). The upper gastric cancer mainly metastasized to the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th groups of lymph nodes, while the lower gastric cancer mainly metastasized to the 3rd, 6th, 7th, and 4th groups. Tumor length ≥ 4 cm, low differentiation, pT3-4 stage, vascular invasion, and nerve invasion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05). The 3-year survival rate of upper gastric cancer was lower than that of lower gastric cancer (88.7% vs 96.0%, P<0.001); age ≥ 60 years, upper gastric tumor, low differentiation, pTNM stage Ⅲ, positive vascular invasion, and no receiving adjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors (all P<0.05).

There are significant differences in the lymph node metastasis patterns and prognosis between upper and lower gastric cancers.

To explore the application effect of non-sectored Roux-en-Y anastomosis during the operation of resectable gastric cancer (T1-4aN0-3M0) under total 3D laparoscopy in digestive tract reconstruction.

The medical records of 102 patients with resectable gastric cancer from June 2022 to June 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the observation group (non-sectored Roux-en-Y anastomosis, n=57) and the control group (traditional anastomosis, n=45) based on different surgical methods. The surgical indicators, serum tumor markers, inflammatory factor levels, gastroscopy conditions, and complications were compared between the two groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS21.0 statistical software. The measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as (

The total operation time, digestive tract reconstruction time, time of first oral intake after surgery, intraoperative blood loss, and number of lymph nodes detected after surgery in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group (P<0.05); there were no statistically significant differences in the postoperative anal exhaust time, gastric tube retention time, and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (P>0.05); the postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the postoperative interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell count (WBC) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the total incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the incidences of food retention and residual gastritis were lower, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the incidence of bile reflux was not statistically significant (P>0.05).

In the total 3D laparoscopic radical resection of resectable gastric cancer, patients with non-sectored Roux-en-Y anastomosis have better intraoperative and early postoperative indicators than those with traditional anastomosis, and have lower tumor markers and inflammatory factor levels after surgery, with good short-term efficacy and safety.

To investigate the impact of anastomosis with a loop and the Roux-en-Y anastomosis on the quality of life of patients after total gastrectomy, and to provide a reference for the selection of clinical surgical methods.

A total of 495 patients with gastric cancer who underwent total gastrectomy from January 2022 to December 2023 were included. According to the different methods of digestive tract reconstruction, the patients were divided into the loop anastomosis group (with loop anastomosis, n = 40) and the Roux-en-Y anastomosis group (with Roux-en-Y anastomosis, n=455). To control confounding factors between the groups and reduce the selection bias in the retrospective study, this study used propensity score matching (PSM) to match the patients in the two groups. The data were based on the cohort after PSM matching (n=80). The perioperative indicators, complications, and the Postoperative Gastric Resection Syndrome Assessment Scale-45 (PGSAS-45) score at 1 year after gastric resection were compared between the two groups using the χ² test or t test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The operation time of the loop anastomosis group was significantly shorter than that of the Roux-en-Y group, and the time to start liquid diet and the time to remove the drainage tube were shorter in the loop anastomosis group than in the Roux-en-Y group, but the duration of gastric tube retention was longer (P<0.05). In the PGSAS-45 scale, the esophageal reflux scale score of the Roux-en-Y group was better than that of the loop anastomosis group (P<0.05).

Both anastomosis with a loop and Roux-en-Y anastomosis are safe and feasible after total gastrectomy, and the overall quality of life is similar. The loop anastomosis is conducive to early postoperative recovery, while the Roux-en-Y anastomosis has a greater advantage in controlling esophageal reflux. Clinicians should choose the surgical method based on the individual circumstances of the patients.

To compare the therapeutic effects of primary suture and T-tube drainage in the treatment of common bile duct stones using laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and drainage (LCBDE).

The clinical data of 103 patients with common bile duct stones who underwent LCBDE from January 2023 to May 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the primary suture group (n=55, with primary suture) and the T-tube drainage group (n=48, with T-tube drainage) based on the suture method of the common bile duct during LCBDE. χ² test or t test was used to compare the surgical indicators, liver function indicators, pain degree, stress response indicators, and complications between the two groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The suture time of the common bile duct, operation time, drainage tube removal time, and hospital stay in the primary suture group were significantly shorter than those in the T-tube drainage group (all P<0.001). On the 3rd day after surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in the total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels between the two groups (P>0.05), but the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), cortisol (Cor), C-reactive protein (CRP), and visual analogue scale (VAS) score in the primary suture group were lower than those in the T-tube drainage group (all P<0.001); there was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of complications between the two groups at 6 months after surgery (P>0.05).

Compared with T-tube drainage, primary suture during LCBDE can shorten the operation time of patients with common bile duct stones, promote postoperative recovery, alleviate postoperative pain, and reduce stress response.

Based on the propensity score matching (PSM) method, this study aims to explore the efficacy differences between emergency and elective surgeries for patients with gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones in high-altitude areas, as well as the impact of the high-altitude environment on prognosis.

The clinical data of 386 patients with gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the emergency group (n=152) and the elective group (n=234) according to the timing of surgery. PSM was used to balance age, ASA classification, comorbidities, and preoperative laboratory indicators as the main confounding factors, and finally, 138 cases were successfully matched in each group. t tests or χ² tests were used to compare and analyze short-term complications, liver function recovery, etc. between the two groups.

The total incidence of postoperative complications, 5-year cumulative stone recurrence rate, reoperation rate, and hospitalization costs in the elective group were significantly lower than those in the emergency group (P<0.05); the postoperative recovery rate of liver function in the elective group was significantly faster than that in the emergency group, and the final SF-36 quality of life score at follow-up was higher (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the 30-day postoperative mortality and 5-year cumulative survival rate between the two groups (P>0.05).

For patients with stable conditions of gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones in high-altitude areas, elective surgery is significantly superior to emergency surgery in reducing short-term complications, reducing long-term stone recurrence, and improving quality of life.

To observe the application effect of laparoscopy combined with ultra-thin choledochoscope in patients with common bile duct stones and gallbladder stones.

118 patients with common bile duct stones and gallbladder stones were selected and divided into the observation group (treated with laparoscopy + ultra-thin choledochoscope for exploration and stone removal through the gallbladder and common bile duct) and the control group (treated with laparoscopy + choledochoscope incision for stone removal). Each group consisted of 59 patients. The differences in perioperative indicators and postoperative complications between the two groups were compared using the χ² test; the differences in inflammatory and stress response indicators between the two groups were compared using the independent sample t test.

The total effective rate of the observation group and the control group was 96.6% and 93.2% respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05), but the improvement rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had less intraoperative blood loss, better intestinal recovery and shorter hospital stay (P<0.05), and lower levels of postoperative procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), norepinephrine (NE), cortisol (COR), epinephrine (AD) and complication rates (P<0.05).

Laparoscopy combined with ultra-thin choledochoscope exploration and stone removal through the gallbladder and common bile duct can effectively reduce the intraoperative trauma of patients with common bile duct stones and gallbladder stones, improve inflammation and stress response, and have fewer complications.

To explore the risk factors for intestinal obstruction after laparoscopic ventral incisional hernia repair with synthetic anti-adhesion mesh, and summarize relevant prevention and treatment strategies.

A total of 296 patients who underwent laparoscopic ventral incisional hernia repair using synthetic anti-adhesion mesh from September 2018 to March 2024 were enrolled as research subjects. Patients were divided into the intestinal obstruction group (n=35) and the non-intestinal obstruction group (n=261) according to whether postoperative intestinal obstruction occurred. Statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 22.0 software. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was adopted to screen potential influencing factors of postoperative intestinal obstruction. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors, and fitting curves were plotted to analyze the correlation between each risk factor and the incidence of postoperative intestinal obstruction. A predictive model was established based on the screened risk factors, and the diagnostic performance of the model was evaluated. A P value less than 0.05 was defined as statistically significant.

The average age of the 296 patients was (62.5±14.6) years old. Among them, 66 cases (22.3%) were complicated with ascites, 62 cases (20.9%) with chronic cough, 35 cases (11.8%) with chronic constipation, 38 cases (12.8%) with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 95 cases (32.1%) without any comorbidities. Compared with the non-intestinal obstruction group, the intestinal obstruction group presented significantly prolonged time to recovery of intestinal peristalsis and bowel sounds, first flatus, first defecation and first oral feeding, impaired intestinal function, and elevated levels of β-endorphin (β-EP); meanwhile, the levels of motilin, gastrin, insulin (InS), growth hormone (GH) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were markedly decreased (P<0.05). LASSO regression and multivariate Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that body mass index (BMI), hernia defect size, operative duration, and factors leading to elevated intra-abdominal pressure were independent risk factors for postoperative intestinal obstruction (all (P<0.05). Fitting curve analysis indicated that the incidence of postoperative intestinal obstruction was positively correlated with BMI, hernia defect size and operative duration. A predictive model was constructed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) of this model was 0.825 [95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.775~0.899], with a sensitivity of 0.846 and a specificity of 0.699.

Patients with BMI >25 kg/m², hernia defect size ≥8 cm, operative duration ≥120 min, or predisposing factors for elevated intra-abdominal pressure carry a high risk of intestinal obstruction after laparoscopic ventral incisional hernia repair with synthetic anti-adhesion mesh. Early clinical interventions should be implemented to reduce the incidence of this postoperative complication.

To investigate the protective effect of No.253 lymph node dissection centered on the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) on autonomic nerves during radical resection of rectal cancer with preservation of the left colic artery (LCA).

A total of 90 patients undergoing radical resection for rectal cancer were prospectively enrolled from January 2020 to June 2025. The patients were divided into three groups using the random number table combined with block randomization, with 30 cases in each group. Group A: LCA non-preservation plus conventional No.253 lymph node dissection; Group B: LCA preservation plus conventional No.253 lymph node dissection; Group C: LCA preservation plus IMA-centered No.253 lymph node dissection. Measurement data conforming to normal distribution were expressed as (

Compared with Group A, Group B and Group C had longer operative time, shorter time to first flatus and shorter postoperative hospital stay (P<0.05). Group C presented less intraoperative blood loss and faster gastrointestinal function recovery (P<0.05). Compared with Group B, Group C had a shorter recovery time of gastrointestinal function (P<0.05). There were no significant differences among the three groups in the total number of dissected lymph nodes, number of No.253 lymph nodes, lymph node positive rate and circumferential resection margin (CRM) positive rate (P>0.05). For male patients in Group C, the incidence of urinary retention, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), incidence of erectile dysfunction and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score were all superior to those in Group A and Group B (P<0.05). For female patients in Group C, the incidence of urinary retention, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-FLUTS) score and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score were also better than those in the other two groups (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the cumulative disease-free survival rate among the three groups (P>0.05).

In radical resection of rectal cancer with LCA preservation, IMA-centered No.253 lymph node dissection can effectively protect autonomic nerves and improve perioperative recovery indicators, while ensuring adequate lymph node dissection. This surgical technique does not affect patients' disease-free survival, and possesses advantages in nerve protection as well as oncological safety.

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a practical prognostic nomogram integrating preoperative inflammatory and nutritional indicators to assess the survival outcomes of patients with early-onset rectal cancer (EORC).

A total of 326 patients with EORC who underwent radical resection were retrospectively included and randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort. Preoperative inflammatory and nutritional indicators were calculated based on routine laboratory test data, and an inflammatory-nutritional risk score (RS) was constructed. The RS was obtained through a weighted linear combination of the LASSO-sellected neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), nutritional immune-inflammatory index (ALI), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Multivariate survival analysis was used to screen independent prognostic factors, and a nomogram for predicting overall survival (OS) was established. The performance of the model was evaluated using discrimination, calibration, and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA).

Multivariate analysis showed that age, TNM stage, serum albumin level, and the inflammatory-nutritional risk score were independent predictors of OS. The constructed nomogram demonstrated good discrimination and calibration for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS in both the training cohort and validation cohort.

This study developed and validated a simple and clinically practical inflammatory-nutritional nomogram that can integrate routine preoperative indicators, providing an auxiliary decision-making basis for postoperative risk stratification and individualized follow-up management of patients with EORC.

To investigate the perioperative safety, radicality, and long-term prognosis differences between regional lymph node dissection and extended lymph node dissection in resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC), and to clarify the applicable population for different dissection ranges.

A cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 94 patients with PHCC who underwent radical resection from December 2020 to November 2024. The patients were divided into the regional dissection group (n=46) and the extended dissection group (n=48) based on the range of lymph node dissection. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS26.0. The t test and χ² test were used to compare perioperative indicators and radical indicators between the two groups; the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Rank test were used to compare the survival prognosis of the two groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The operation time of the extended dissection group was longer than that of the regional dissection group (P>0.05). The total number of lymph nodes dissected, the number of positive lymph nodes, and the positive rate in the extended dissection group were higher than those in the regional dissection group. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates of the extended dissection group were higher than those of the regional dissection group; subgroup analysis showed that the extended dissection group had better prognosis in patients with Bismuth Ⅲ/Ⅳ type (P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that regional dissection, non-R0 resection, Bismuth Ⅲ/Ⅳ type, and the number of positive lymph nodes ≥ 3 were independent risk factors.

Extended lymph node dissection is safe and feasible for resectable PHCC, which can improve the accuracy of lymph node staging and improve the long-term survival of patients; patients with Bismuth Ⅲ/Ⅳ type are the core beneficiaries of extended dissection, and patients with Bismuth Ⅰ/Ⅱ type can meet clinical needs with regional dissection.

To compare the clinical efficacy, safety, postoperative inflammatory stress response, aesthetic effect, and swallowing function between transaxillary non-inflatable endoscopic thyroidectomy (GTET) and open thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).

The clinical data of 158 patients with newly diagnosed PTMC from January 2023 to September 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the endoscopic group (GTET, n=71) and the open group (traditional open thyroidectomy via the clavicle, n=87) based on the different surgical methods. The incidence of postoperative complications and other count data were analyzed using the χ² test; the perioperative related indicators and serum inflammatory factor levels before and after surgery that met the normal distribution were analyzed using the independent sample t test.

The operation time of the endoscopic group was longer than that of the open group, while the intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, and hospital stay were lower in the endoscopic group (P<0.001); there were no statistically significant differences in the number of central lymph node dissections, positive lymph node detection rate, and total incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (P>0.05); on the 3rd day after surgery, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the endoscopic group were lower than those in the open group (P<0.001); at 3 months after surgery, the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score and swallowing disorder index (SIS-10) score of the endoscopic group were lower than those of the open group (P<0.001).

GTET can achieve similar short-term oncological clearance effects as open surgery in strictly selected PTMC patients; although the operation time is prolonged, it has advantages in reducing intraoperative bleeding, alleviating acute inflammatory stress response, and improving short-term cosmetic and swallowing functions.

To investigate the clinical efficacy of lightweight polypropylene mesh versus self-gripping mesh in laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair (TEP).

A prospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 120 male patients with inguinal hernia treated from March 2022 to March 2024 were enrolled. Patients were divided into the polypropylene group (n=58) and the self-gripping group (n=62) according to the type of mesh used during TEP. Statistical analyses were performed via SPSS 27.0 software. The t test and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to compare baseline clinical data, intraoperative parameters, pre- and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores, postoperative complications and hernia recurrence during follow-up between the two groups. The significance level was set at (alpha=0.05).

No statistically significant differences were found in baseline clinical data between the two groups. The polypropylene group had longer operative time but lower total medical costs than the self-gripping group, with statistically significant differences (t=2.063), (t=10.406), all (P<0.05). Postoperative VAS pain scores of both groups decreased markedly over time, and the differences across time points within each group were statistically significant (F_time=290.688), (P<0.05). The overall VAS scores of the self-gripping mesh group were lower than those of the polypropylene group, and the main effect between groups was statistically significant (F_group=13.318), (P<0.05). In addition, the changing trends of VAS scores over time differed between the two groups, and the time-by-group interaction effect reached statistical significance (F_interaction=4.382), (P<0.05). Significant intergroup differences in VAS scores were detected at 1 month and 2 months after surgery (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in postoperative complication rates or hernia recurrence rates during follow-up (P>0.05).

For laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair (TEP), lightweight polypropylene mesh and self-gripping mesh demonstrate equivalent safety with no differences in postoperative complication rates or long-term hernia recurrence risks. The use of self-gripping mesh shortens operative duration and alleviates postoperative pain, whereas lightweight polypropylene mesh boasts a lower cost. Clinicians may select mesh products individually based on each patient's actual situation.

Secondary liver cancer, also known as liver metastatic cancer, is a type of lesion that occurs in the liver due to metastasis from malignant tumors in other parts of the body. It has a high incidence rate and poor prognosis, and is one of the main causes of death for patients with advanced tumors. This article systematically reviews the research progress in epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of secondary liver cancer caused by different primary tumor sources. The article first elaborates on the basic concepts and metastasis mechanisms of secondary liver cancer, and then focuses separately on the clinical characteristics and research status of liver metastasis caused by common primary tumors such as colorectal cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, pancreatic cancer, biliary tract tumors, breast cancer, female reproductive system tumors, lung cancer, melanoma, and kidney cancer. Through the review of the incidence rates, metastasis patterns, molecular biological characteristics, and treatment strategies of each type of liver metastasis, this article reveals the significant heterogeneity of secondary liver cancer at the level of primary tumor types, and emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment strategies in clinical practice. Future research should further explore the molecular mechanisms of different types of liver metastasis, optimize conversion therapy and surgical timing, in order to improve patient prognosis.

Early recurrence (≤2years) after radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma is a major challenge affecting patient survival and significantly impacts prognosis. This review focuses on the risk factors for early recurrence after surgery, systematically summarizing tumor characteristics such as tumor differentiation degree, size, number, vascular invasion, integrity of the capsule, and liver cirrhosis status; surgical-related factors including margin width, intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion, and resection method; as well as the role of serum molecular markers and tumor immune microenvironment in predicting early recurrence. Comprehensive analysis of these factors is helpful in identifying high-risk patients, providing a basis for optimizing surgical strategies and strengthening postoperative monitoring, and is of great significance for improving the overall prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.