结直肠癌为临床常见的恶性肿瘤，在全球范围内具有较高发病率与死亡率。目前治疗结直肠癌的核心方式之一即手术，该方式虽具备一定的疗效，但术后并发症仍未得到有效控制。结直肠肿瘤手术后并发症的发生不仅延长患者治疗及住院时间，还会对肿瘤预后及患者生存质量造成严重影响。因此对结直肠肿瘤手术后并发症的发生进行预测与预防至关重要。为保障患者手术效果、改善患者预后，本研究将结合临床最新研究，从结直肠癌常见并发症、并发症发生的危险因素与预测、预防策略三个方面对结直肠肿瘤患者术后并发症的预测与预防进行系统综述。

Colorectal cancer is a common clinical malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Currently, surgery is one of the core treatment modalities for colorectal cancer. Although this approach has certain efficacy, postoperative complications remain poorly controlled. The occurrence of complications after colorectal tumor surgery not only prolongs the treatment and hospitalization duration of patients but also severely affects tumor prognosis and the quality of life of patients. Therefore, predicting and preventing the occurrence of complications after colorectal tumor surgery is of great importance. To ensure the surgical efficacy and improve the prognosis of patients, this study will systematically review the prediction and prevention of postoperative complications in patients with colorectal tumors by integrating the latest clinical research, focusing on three aspects: common complications of colorectal cancer, risk factors and prediction of complications, and prevention strategies.