With the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer complicated by cervical lymph node metastasis, cervical lymph node dissection has become a primary treatment for such diseases. However, the cervical lymphatic network is intricate and complex, making intraoperative injury to lymphatic vessels likely, which leads to postoperative chylous fistula. This not only affects the patient's prognosis but also increases their psychological burden. Currently, there are various preventive and therapeutic measures for chylous fistula at home and abroad, yet these measures are complex to operate and lack clear indications to guide clinical selection. This article aims to review the relevant measures for reducing the drainage volume after cervical lymph node dissection and lowering the incidence of chylous fistula.