To analyze and compare the clinical efficacy of microwave ablation, endoscopic surgery via oral vestibular approach and traditional open surgery in the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

The clinical data of 374 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer from February 2019 to February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into three groups according to different surgical methods: ablation group (n=122 patients undergoing microwave ablation), transoral group (n=128 patients undergoing endoscopic surgery via oral vestibular approach) and open group (n=124 patients undergoing traditional open surgery). SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the data. Perioperative indexes and VAS scores were expressed as (), and One-way ANOVA was performed. The statistical data of postoperative complications and satisfaction were all expressed by [cases (%)], χ² test or Rank Sum test were performed. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Compared with the open group and the transoral group, the ablation group had less blood loss, operation time and operation cost, and lower visual analogue score (VAS) (P<0.05), and the transoral group was better than the open group (P<0.05). The injury rate of parathyroid function in open and transoral groups was higher than that in ablative group, and the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was lower than that in ablative group (P<0.05). The satisfaction of patients in ablation group and transoral group was higher than that in open group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in satisfaction and postoperative recurrence rate between ablation group and transoral group (P>0.05).

The three surgical methods can achieve obvious results in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer, but compared with traditional open surgery, microwave ablation and transvestibular approach are more advantageous.