切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (04) : 347 -351. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3946.2026.04.012

论著

新辅助放化疗直肠癌根治术患者术后吻合口漏影响因素分析及风险预测模型构建
鲁峰刚1, 刘宇2,(), 张毅1, 王秦玉1   
  1. 1 712000 陕西咸阳,陕西省核工业二一五医院普通外科三病区
    2 713199 陕西咸阳,陕西省兴平市人民医院普外科
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-20 出版日期:2026-08-26
  • 通信作者: 刘宇

Analysis of influencing factors of postoperative anastomotic leakage and construction of risk prediction model in rectal cancer patients undergoing radical resection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

Fenggang Lu1, Yu Liu2,(), Yi Zhang1, Qinyu Wang1   

  1. 1 Department of General Surgery Ward 3, Shaanxi Provincial Nuclear Industry 215 Hospital, Xianyang Shaanxi Province 712000, China
    2 Department of General Surgery, Xingping People's Hospital, Xianyang Shaanxi Procince 713199, China
  • Received:2025-06-20 Published:2026-08-26
  • Corresponding author: Yu Liu
引用本文:

鲁峰刚, 刘宇, 张毅, 王秦玉. 新辅助放化疗直肠癌根治术患者术后吻合口漏影响因素分析及风险预测模型构建[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 347-351.

Fenggang Lu, Yu Liu, Yi Zhang, Qinyu Wang. Analysis of influencing factors of postoperative anastomotic leakage and construction of risk prediction model in rectal cancer patients undergoing radical resection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Operative Procedures of General Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(04): 347-351.

目的

分析新辅助放化疗直肠癌根治术患者术后吻合口漏(AL)的危险因素并构建其风险预测模型。

方法

选取2021年1月至2024年1月29例新辅助放化疗并行直肠癌根治术且术后30 d内发生AL的患者病例,纳入AL组;131例未发生AL的患者纳入非AL组。采用SPSS 24.0统计学软件分析数据,计量资料采用(

±s),行t检验;计数资料用[例(%)]表示,行χ2检验。采用多因素Logistic逐步回归分析探讨患者术后AL的影响因素,构建风险预测模型,采用受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线评估其预测价值。

结果

AL组糖尿病史、手术时间≥3 h、未保留左结肠动脉、肿瘤距肛缘距离<6 cm、术前血清白蛋白<35 g/L所占比例均大于非AL组,C反应蛋白、白细胞、降钙素原水平高于非AL组(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,手术时间≥3 h、未保留左结肠动脉、肿瘤距肛缘距离<6 cm、C反应蛋白升高、术前血清白蛋白<35 g/L是直肠癌患者术后发生AL的危险因素(P<0.05)。列线图模型一致性指数(C-index)为0.885(95%CI:0.834~0.937),曲线下面积(AUC)为0.896(95%CI:0.848~0.942),特异度为67.9%,灵敏度为93.1%。

结论

手术时间、左结肠动脉保留情况、肿瘤距肛缘距离、C反应蛋白、术前血清白蛋白为新辅助放化疗直肠癌根治术患者术后AL的影响因素,据此构建的列线图模型预测价值较高。

Objective

To analyze the risk factors for postoperative anastomotic leakage (AL) and construct a corresponding risk prediction model in patients who underwent radical resection for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Methods

The clinical data of 29 patients who developed AL within 30 days after radical rectal resection following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy from January 2021 to January 2024 were selected and assigned to the AL group; another 131 patients without AL were enrolled as the non-AL group. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 24.0 software. Measurement data were expressed as mean (

±s) standard deviation and compared via the t test. Enumeration data were presented as cases (%), and the chi-square test was adopted for intergroup comparisons. Multivariate stepwise Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent influencing factors of postoperative AL, and a risk prediction model was established. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the model.

Results

The AL group had significantly higher proportions of patients with diabetes history, operative duration ≥ 3 hours, non-preservation of the left colic artery, tumor distance from the anal verge < 6 cm, and preoperative serum albumin < 35 g/L than the non-AL group. The levels of C-reactive protein, white blood cell and procalcitonin in the AL group were also markedly elevated relative to the non-AL group (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that operative duration ≥ 3 hours, non-preservation of the left colic artery, tumor distance from the anal verge < 6 cm, elevated C-reactive protein, and preoperative serum albumin < 35 g/L were independent risk factors for postoperative AL in rectal cancer patients (P<0.05). The nomogram model yielded a concordance index (C-index) of 0.885 (95%CI: 0.834~0.937) and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.896 (95%CI: 0.848~0.942), with a specificity of 67.9% and a sensitivity of 93.1%.

Conclusion

Operative duration, preservation status of the left colic artery, tumor distance from the anal verge, C-reactive protein level and preoperative serum albumin are influencing factors of postoperative AL for rectal cancer patients receiving radical resection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The nomogram model constructed based on these indicators exhibits excellent predictive value.

表1 新辅助放化疗直肠癌根治术两组患者一般资料比较
表2 新辅助放化疗直肠癌根治术患者术后吻合口漏的单因素分析
因素 AL组(n=29例) 非AL组(n=131例) 统计值 P
吸烟史[例(%)] 14(48.3) 58(44.3) χ2=0.154 0.695
饮酒史[例(%)] 16(55.2) 62(47.3) χ2=0.585 0.444
高血压史[例(%)] 8(27.6) 26(19.9) χ2=0.850 0.357
糖尿病史[例(%)] 15(51.7) 39(29.8) χ2=5.118 0.024
冠心病史[例(%)] 4(13.8) 14(10.7) χ2=0.024 0.877
肿瘤分化[例(%)] χ2=0.599 0.439
低分化 3(10.3) 6(4.6)
中/高分化 26(89.7) 125(95.4)
ASA分级[例(%)] χ2=0.093 0.955
Ⅰ级 9(31.0) 41(31.3)
Ⅱ级 14(48.3) 66(50.4)
Ⅲ级 6(20.7) 24(18.3)
手术时间[例(%)] χ2=13.798 <0.001
≥3 h 23(79.3) 54(41.2)
<3 h 6(20.7) 77(58.8)
手术出血量(ml,
±s
95.2±13.0 91.4±12.1 t=1.510 0.133
保留左结肠动脉[例(%)] χ2=5.068 0.024
17(58.6) 103(78.6)
12(41.4) 28(21.4)
肿瘤长径[例(%)] χ2=0.100 0.751
<5 cm 15(51.7) 72(55.0)
≥5 cm 14(48.3) 59(45.0)
肿瘤距肛缘距离[例(%)] χ2=10.046 0.002
<6 cm 16(55.2) 33(25.2)
≥6 cm 13(44.8) 98(74.8)
癌胚抗原[例(%)] χ2=1.048 0.306
<5 ng/ml 21(72.4) 106(80.9)
≥5 ng/ml 8(27.6) 25(19.1)
糖链抗原19-9[例(%)] χ2=0.087 0.767
<34 U/L 23(79.3) 107(81.7)
≥34 U/L 6(20.7) 24(18.3)
C反应蛋白(mg/L,
±s
119.6±42.8 82.1±33.2 t=5.207 <0.001
白细胞(×109/L,
±s
10.4±1.3 9.2±1.7 t=3.574 <0.001
降钙素原(μg/L,
±s
6.2±1.4 3.6±1.2 t=10.235 <0.001
术前血清白蛋白[例(%)] χ2=9.230 0.002
<35 g/L 17(58.6) 38(29.0)
≥35 g/L 12(41.4) 93(71.0)
表3 新辅助放化疗的直肠癌根治术患者术后吻合口漏的多因素分析
图1 新辅助放化疗直肠癌根治术患者术后吻合口漏的列线图模型
图2 新辅助放化疗直肠癌根治术患者术后吻合口漏的列线图模型校准曲线
图3 新辅助放化疗直肠癌根治术患者术后吻合口漏的ROC曲线 注:ROC为受试者工作特征
[1]
姚宏伟,孙丽婷. 腹腔镜中低位直肠癌新辅助放化疗联合免疫治疗后根治性保肛术[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版)202519(2):132.
[2]
姚宏伟,孙丽婷,吴偲,等. 新辅助放化疗联合免疫治疗局部进展期直肠癌的探索与实践[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版)202519(2):123-127.
[3]
He FYang FChen D,et al. Risk factors for anastomotic stenosis after radical resection of rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Asian J Surg202447(1):25-34.
[4]
Fujita FYasushi KOhchi T,et al. A Case of Immediate Anastomotic Leakage After Low Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer[J]. Kurume Med J202368(2):149-152.
[5]
张忠涛,高加勒,姚宏伟. 新辅助放化疗联合免疫治疗局部进展期直肠癌的现状与前景[J/OL].中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版)202519(2):119-122.
[6]
Chiarello MMFransvea PCariati M,et al. Anastomotic leakage in colorectal cancer surgery[J]. Surg Oncol202240:101708.
[7]
van Workum FTalboom KHannink G,et al. Treatment of anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer resection: The TENTACLE-Rectum study[J]. Colorectal Dis202123(4):982-988.
[8]
Vogel JDFelder SIBhama AR,et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Colon Cancer[J]. Dis Colon Rectum202265(2):148-177.
[9]
袁瑛,张苏展. 结直肠癌分子标志物临床检测中国专家共识[J]. 中华胃肠外科杂志202124(3): 191-197.
[10]
Sung HFerlay JSiegel RL,et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries[J]. CA Cancer J Clin202171(3):209-249.
[11]
Zhang TWang GFang G,et al. Clinical efficacy of anastomotic reinforcement suture in preventing anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Langenbecks Arch Surg2023408(1):322.
[12]
李梦,张加鑫,王震,等. 术后C反应蛋白在预测腹腔镜结直肠癌术后早期吻合口漏中的作用: 一项回顾性研究[J]. 腹腔镜外科杂志202227(1):69-73.
[13]
潘燕南. 老年患者腹腔镜直肠癌根治术后发生吻合口漏相关因素的分析[J]. 首都食品与医药202330(17):56-58.
[14]
李干斌,张潇,邱小原,等. 新辅助放化疗直肠癌术后吻合口漏的临床特征及危险因素分析[J]. 中华普通外科杂志202540(02):108-113.
[15]
Wang XLi JChen W,et al. Preserving the left colonic artery in radical sigmoid and rectal cancer surgery is feasible: A meta-analysis[J]. Medicine(Baltimore)2024103(4):e37026.
[16]
Tang XZhang MWang C,et al. Preservation of the left colic artery and superior rectal artery in laparoscopic surgery can reduce anastomotic leakage in sigmoid colon cancer[J]. J Minim Access Surg202117(2):208-212.
[17]
Tschann PWeigl MPSzeverinski P,et al. Are risk factors for anastomotic leakage influencing long-term oncological outcomes after low anterior resection of locally advanced rectal cancer with neoadjuvant therapy? A single-centre cohort study[J]. Langenbecks Arch Surg2022407(7): 2945-2957.
[18]
Nagaoka TFukunaga YMukai T,et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic low anterior resection: A single-center retrospective study[J]. Asian J Endosc Surg202114(3):478-488.
[19]
Jutesten HBuchwald PLAngenete E,et al. High Risk of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome in Long-term Follow-up After Anastomotic Leakage in Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer[J]. Dis Colon Rectum202265(10):1264-1273.
[20]
Xu FLi HGuo C,et al. Incidence and Risk Factors of Surgical Complications and Anastomotic Leakage After Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision for Middle and Low Rectal Cancer[J]. J Gastrointest Surg202327(2):373-381.
[21]
明涛,胡俊君,查锋. 血清CRP、IL-6、IL-10联合检测诊断腹腔镜结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的价值分析[J]. 中国实用医药202318(7):12-16.
[22]
Jin DChen L. Early prediction of anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal surgery using creactive protein[J]. Medicine(Baltimore)2021100(22):e26196.
[23]
Hoek VTSparreboom CLWolthuis AM,et al. C-reactive protein(CRP)trajectory as a predictor of anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer resection: A multicentre cohort study[J]. Colorectal Dis202224(2):220-227.
[24]
邾磊,王耀,汪进国.腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏的危险因素分析及其对患者预后和生活质量(QLICP-CR)的影响[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报202445(8):721-730.
[25]
Hu KTan KShang Q,et al. Relative decline in serum albumin help to predict anastomotic leakage for female patients following sphincter-preserving rectal surgery[J]. BMC Surg2023,23(1):38.
[1] 杨进宝, 李伟, 张冰, 陈健, 王吉哲, 王玉佳, 王顺, 蒋志斌, 周烨, 杨建玲. 腹腔镜低位直肠癌适形保肛术技术难度的影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 343-346.
[2] 辛林璞, 杨敏, 杜峻峰. 腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后常见并发症防治与管理[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(03): 248-251.
[3] 赵军抗, 张前进, 庄惠杰. 腹腔镜直肠癌根治术保留左结肠动脉的疗效及对预后的影响[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(03): 257-260.
[4] 魏利敏, 金鲜珍, 刘萍, 王光辉. 两种微创术式治疗低位直肠癌的学习曲线与近期疗效分析[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(03): 261-266.
[5] 宋志岗, 刘帅, 李颖, 董华兴, 连彦军. 不同入路ISR术用于治疗低位直肠癌患者对围手术期指标及并发症的影响[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 150-153.
[6] 李庆, 杜夏宇. 三维重建下3D腹腔镜对低位进展期直肠癌淋巴结清扫术后微炎症及肠黏膜功能的影响[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 138-141.
[7] 李广鑫, 权慧娟, 高志娟, 李良, 王肖君, 曹玉庆. 腹腔镜急诊切除与支架置入限期切除治疗梗阻性结直肠癌的临床效果比较[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 142-145.
[8] 范现英, 路萌, 刘晓晴, 张希为, 胡延伟, 连彦军. 腹腔镜结直肠癌切除经不同自然腔道标本取出术治疗女性患者的临床比较[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 146-149.
[9] 南云广, 姜波, 刘伟, 邱正才, 王岐朋, 孙陈波, 舒畅, 李统虎. 基于神经监测的中低位直肠癌TME术中盆腔自主神经及Denonvilliers筋膜解剖学再认识[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 158-161.
[10] 陈玉, 韩戟, 杨力. CT血管成像对肠系膜下动脉分型评估及腹腔镜直肠癌手术的指导价值[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 162-165.
[11] 李洁, 吴迪, 刘璐, 赵冰鹤, 王浩亚, 王鑫鑫, 谢天宇. 昼夜节律基因与结直肠癌恶性进展的相关性研究[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 170-174.
[12] 贺智恒, 姚德炯, 孙东方. 腹腔镜下胆囊切除术后胆瘘影响因素分析及风险预测模型的构建[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 175-178.
[13] 李晓英, 金芳, 张润萍, 陈晓丽, 庞粉萍, 翟佳琪, 王兰, 尚培中. 3D腹腔镜切除Hartmann术后远端残留直肠再发癌一例报道[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(01): 99-100.
[14] 柯雨仙, 刘罡, 郭莹莹, 何李谦, 姜轶. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期并发呼吸衰竭风险预测模型研究进展[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2026, 19(03): 500-503.
[15] 陶丹阳, 万文泽, 彭春伟, 卢召. 小肠造口反复发生炎性肉芽组织增生一例[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2026, 15(01): 90-91.
阅读次数
全文


摘要


AI


AI小编
你好!我是《中华医学电子期刊资源库》AI小编,有什么可以帮您的吗?