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中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (02) : 175 -178. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3946.2026.02.020

论著

腹腔镜下胆囊切除术后胆瘘影响因素分析及风险预测模型的构建
贺智恒1, 姚德炯2, 孙东方1,()   
  1. 1712099 陕西咸阳,延安大学咸阳医院普通外科
    2644300 四川宜宾,长宁县人民医院普通外科
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-13 出版日期:2026-04-26
  • 通信作者: 孙东方

Analysis of influencing factors of bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and construction of a risk prediction model

Zhiheng He1, Dejiong Yao2, Dongfang Sun1,()   

  1. 1Department of General Surgery, Xianyang Hospital, Yan’an University, Xianyang Shaanxi Province 712099, China
    2Department of General Surgery, Changning County People’s Hospital, Yibin Sichuan Province 644300, China
  • Received:2025-05-13 Published:2026-04-26
  • Corresponding author: Dongfang Sun
引用本文:

贺智恒, 姚德炯, 孙东方. 腹腔镜下胆囊切除术后胆瘘影响因素分析及风险预测模型的构建[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 175-178.

Zhiheng He, Dejiong Yao, Dongfang Sun. Analysis of influencing factors of bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and construction of a risk prediction model[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Operative Procedures of General Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(02): 175-178.

目的

分析腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)后胆瘘影响因素并构建风险预测模型。

方法

选取2021年1月至2023年12月行LC且术后30d发生胆瘘的24例患者纳入胆瘘组;另将同时期LC术后随访期间未发生胆瘘的122例患者纳入非胆瘘组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析胆瘘的影响因素。构建列线图模型,采用受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线评估列线图模型对LC术后发生胆瘘的预测价值。

结果

胆瘘组患者吸烟史、高血压史、糖尿病史、ASA-PS分级Ⅲ-Ⅳ级、胆囊壁厚度≥5mm、局部解剖变异、胆囊与周围脏器粘连、Calot三角粘连占比高于非胆瘘组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,ASA-PS分级Ⅲ-Ⅳ级(OR=3.025,95%CI: 1.985-4.611)、局部解剖变异(OR=2.784,95%CI: 1.487-5.213)、胆囊壁厚度≥5mm(OR=2.550,95%CI: 1.517-4.286)、Calot三角粘连(OR=3.089,95%CI: 1.364-6.996)、胆囊与周围脏器粘连(OR=2.835,95%CI: 1.470-5.466)是LC术后发生胆瘘的危险因素(P<0.05)。列线图模型显示,一致性指数(C-index)为0.862(95%CI: 0.810-0.913)。列线图模型预测LC术后发生胆瘘的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.876(95%CI: 0.828-0.921),特异度为67.1%,灵敏度为93.2%。

结论

LC术后发生胆瘘的危险因素包括局部解剖变异、胆囊壁厚度、ASA-PS分级、Calot三角粘连、胆囊与周围脏器粘连,据此构建的列线图模型对LC术后发生胆瘘的预测价值较高。

Objective

To analyze the influencing factors of bile fistula after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and to construct a risk prediction model.

Methods

24 patients who underwent LC and developed bile fistula within 30 days after surgery were included in the bile fistula group; another 122 patients who underwent LC and did not develop bile fistula during the follow-up period were included in the non-bile fistula group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of bile fistula. A nomogram model was constructed, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of the nomogram model for bile fistula after LC.

Results

The patients in the bile fistula group had a higher prevalence of smoking history, hypertension history, diabetes history, ASA-PS grade III-IV, gallbladder wall thickness ≥ 5 mm, local anatomical variation, gallbladder and surrounding organ adhesion, and Calot triangle adhesion compared with the non-bile fistula group (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ASA-PS grade III-IV (OR=3.025, 95% CI: 1.985-4.611), local anatomical variation (OR=2.784, 95% CI: 1.487-5.213), gallbladder wall thickness ≥ 5mm (OR=2.550, 95% CI: 1.517-4.286), Calot triangle adhesion (OR=3.089, 95% CI: 1.364-6.996), and gallbladder and surrounding organ adhesion (OR=2.835, 95% CI: 1.470-5.466) were risk factors for bile fistula after LC (P<0.05). The nomogram model showed a consistency index (C-index) of 0.862 (95% CI: 0.810-0.913). The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram model for predicting bile fistula after LC was 0.876 (95% CI: 0.828-0.921), with a specificity of 67.1% and a sensitivity of 93.2%.

Conclusion

The risk factors for bile fistula after LC include local anatomical variation, gallbladder wall thickness, ASA-PS grade, Calot triangle adhesion, and gallbladder and surrounding organ adhesion. The constructed nomogram model has a high predictive value for bile fistula after LC.

表1 LC术后发生胆瘘的单因素分析
因素 分类 非胆瘘组(n=122) 胆瘘组(n=24) t/χ2 P
性别[例(%)] 70(57.4) 13(54.2) 0.084 0.772
52(42.6) 11(45.8)
年龄(岁,±s   52.2±7.5 51.6±8.0 0.389 0.698
BMI(kg/m2±s   22.4±3.2 21.9±3.4 0.771 0.442
吸烟史[例(%)]   26(21.3) 10(41.7) 4.473 0.034
饮酒史[例(%)]   47(38.5) 8(33.3) 0.230 0.631
高血压史[例(%)]   28(23.0) 11(45.8) 5.364 0.021
糖尿病史[例(%)]   15(12.3) 8(33.3) 5.197 0.023
Child-Pugh分级[例(%)] A级 91(74.6) 20(83.3) 0.841 0.359
B级 31(25.4) 4(16.7)
ASA-PS分级[例(%)] I-Ⅱ级 55(45.1) 5(20.8) 4.871 0.027
Ⅲ-Ⅳ级 67(54.9) 19(79.2)
手术时间[例(%)] ≥60min 42(34.4) 7(29.2) 0.249 0.618
<60min 80(65.6) 17(70.8)
局部解剖变异[例(%)] 74(60.7) 20(83.3) 4.498 0.034
48(39.3) 4(16.7)
胆囊萎缩[例(%)] 91(74.6) 22(91.7) 3.343 0.067
31(25.4) 2(8.3)
胆囊结石数量[例(%)] 无/单发 62(50.8) 14(58.3) 0.454 0.501
多发 60(49.2) 10(41.7)
胆囊颈部结石[例(%)] 14(11.5) 2(8.3) 0.009 0.926
108(88.5) 22(91.7)
胆囊壁厚度[例(%)] ≥5 mm 51(41.8) 16(66.7) 4.993 0.025
<5 mm 71(58.2) 8(33.3)
Calot三角粘连[例(%)] 53(43.4) 17(70.8) 6.029 0.014
69(56.6) 7(29.2)
胆囊与周围脏器粘连[例(%)] 52(42.6) 16(66.7) 4.659 0.031
70(57.4) 8(33.3)
胆囊炎症[例(%)] 62(50.8) 13(54.2) 0.090 0.764
60(49.2) 11(45.8)
表2 LC术后发生胆瘘的多因素分析
图1 预测LC术后发生胆瘘的列线图模型
图3 列线图模型预测LC术后发生胆瘘的ROC曲线
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