中低位直肠癌的预防性侧方淋巴结清扫的意义目前国内外仍存在争议。但如影像学或术中发现盆侧方有可疑阳性淋巴结转移时，有必要选择性对盆侧方淋巴结进行清扫，该术式在直肠癌根治术中具有重要意义。传统侧方淋巴结清扫以开放手术为主，创伤大且术后并发症较多。随着腹腔镜技术的广泛应用，腔镜盆侧方淋巴结清扫术在我国逐步开展，利用其视野放大的优势，可对盆侧方进行按层次、按程序及更精细地解剖，并可降低盆侧方淋巴结清扫的难度、减少出血量及创伤。结合本中心手术经验，本文介绍腔镜盆侧方淋巴结清扫术的关键技术及相关研究进展，以供同道参考。

Prophylactic lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) formid-low rectal cancer is still controversial nowadays. For suspected pelvic lateral lymph nodes based on preoperative imaging or intraoperative exploration, it is necessarily to perform LLND selectively, which is an important surgical procedure for rectal cancer. Open LLND is traditionally performed, with major invasion andhighmorbidity. With the wide application of laparoscopy, laparoscopic LLND has been used gradually in China. With the advantage of laparoscopic amplification and minimal invasion, LLND could be performed more meticulously according to the layers and procedure, and the difficulty of LLND would be decreased with less blood loss and less trauma.With our initial experience, in this paper, we introduce the key techniques and research development of laparoscopic LLND for peer reference.