To explore the types, risk factors, prevention strategies and clinical management methods of common complications after laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer, and to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for reducing the incidence of complications and improving patient prognosis in clinical practice.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on relevant research literature from domestic and international sources (a total of 24 eligible studies were included in this study). The literature was analyzed using the methods of literature research, induction analysis, and comparative analysis to summarize the characteristics of complication occurrence, analyze risk factors, and summarize prevention and management plans. The quality of the included literature was evaluated, and the clinical effects of different prevention methods were compared.

The overall incidence of complications after laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer ranged from 13.9% to 23.4%, significantly lower than that of open surgery (23.4% to 45.76%). Common complications included infection, anastomotic leakage, and intestinal obstruction, among others. There were also specific complications unique to laparoscopy, such as hypercapnia. The GPS2 score was an independent risk factor for total and severe complications after surgery. Age, operation time, and nursing intervention were also closely related to the occurrence of complications. Through comprehensive prevention measures throughout the entire process, such as preoperative rehabilitation, standardized operation during surgery, and personalized postoperative care, the incidence of complications can be significantly reduced, and the rehabilitation outcome can be improved.

Complications after laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer are influenced by multiple factors. Clinically, a comprehensive prevention management system throughout the entire process needs to be established. High-risk patients can be screened using predictive models and targeted interventions can be implemented. Strengthening multidisciplinary cooperation is a key means to improve surgical safety and patient prognosis.