To explore the clinical efficacy of emergency laparoscopic resection and stent placement versus definitive laparoscopic resection for obstructive colorectal cancer.

112 patients with obstructive colorectal cancer were divided into the observation group (receiving emergency stent placement followed by definitive laparoscopic resection) and the control group (undergoing emergency laparoscopic surgery) by a 1:1 matching method, with 56 patients in each group. t test or χ² test was used to compare the perioperative indicators, inflammatory indicators, immune function indicators, quality of life, and complication rates between the two groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly less intraoperative blood loss, significantly higher primary anastomosis rate, significantly shorter first defecation time, significantly higher total hospitalization cost (P<0.05), and significantly lower positive rate of circumferential resection source. Postoperative levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in both groups significantly decreased, and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05); CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ were significantly lower than before treatment, but the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The core quality of life scale (EORTC QLQ-C30) of cancer patients in both groups showed significantly lower fatigue symptoms after surgery, and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05); the scores of role function, physical function, and overall health status after surgery were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). The total incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).

Emergency stent placement followed by definitive laparoscopic resection for patients with obstructive colorectal cancer can significantly reduce intraoperative trauma, promote postoperative recovery, reduce the body's inflammatory response and protect immune function, improve the quality of life of patients, and effectively reduce the occurrence of complications.