In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of colorectal cancer surgery in China. With innovations in techniques such as transanal total mesorectal excision and robotic surgery, as well as the exploration of comprehensive neoadjuvant therapy and neoadjuvant immunotherapy, the application of watch-and-wait and local resection strategies, colorectal surgery is gradually achieving minimally invasive surgical operations, more efficient tumor treatments, and individualized organ preservation. In light of these hotspots and innovations, many high-quality evidence-based medical studies have emerged in recent years. This article will review and summarize these developments.