To investigate the the surgical technique and evaluate the efficacy of internal colon bypass in the protection of anastomotic stoma of low rectal cancer.

A retrospective analysis was made on 140 patients who underwent anus-preserving operation for low rectal cancer combined with internal colon by-pass (the colonic bypass group) and 30 patients who underwent anus-preserving operation combined with loop ileostomy (the ileostomy group) from January 2012 to May 2018. SPSS20.0 statistical software was used to analyze. The intraoperative and postoperative related indicators were showed as " mean±standard deviation" , and compared with independent t test. Postoperative Dukes staging and anastomotic leakage were analyzed by chi square. P<0.05 meant a statistically significant difference.

The operative time in the colon bypass group was significantly shorter than that in the ileostomy group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in anastomotic height and postoperative Dukes staging between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with ileostomy group, the first anal exhaust time and first feeding time of colon bypass group were significantly longer, the hospitalization time was significantly shorter, and the hospitalization cost was significantly lower (P<0.05). The incidence of anastomotic leakage was 2.9% in the colon bypass group and 16.7% in the ileostomy group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ²=5.522, P<0.05). The drainage time after anastomotic leakage and the incidence of anastomotic stenosis 2 months after operation in the colon bypass group were significantly lower than those in the ileostomy group (P<0.05).

Colon bypass is a safe and effective way to protect anastomotic stoma in low rectal cancer.