To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and modified radical gastrectomy in the treatment of early gastric cancer.

The clinical data of 144 patients with early gastric cancer admitted from September 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into two groups according to different surgical methods, with 72 cases in each group. Patients in the traditional group received laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, and patients in the improved group received laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. SPSS 25.0 software was used to process the study data. Perioperative indicators and immune indicators were expressed as (), and independent sample t test was used. Statistical data such as complication rate were shown by [n (%)] using χ² test. P<0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.

The modified group had shorter gastrointestinal recovery, ambulation, first meal intake, and hospital stay compared to the traditional group (P<0.05); There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative immune indicators between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). After surgery, the modified group of patients had higher levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), CD3⁺, and CD4⁺, while CD8⁺ was lower than that of the traditional group (P<0.05); The total incidence of complications in the modified group was lower than that in the traditional group (4.2% vs. 22.2%, P<0.05).

In the treatment of early gastric cancer, the overall effect of laparoscopic modified radical gastrectomy is better than that of radical gastrectomy, which has little impact on the immune function of patients, can reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications, and has the advantages of fast recovery and short hospital stay.