研究RPS21在肝细胞癌（HCC）中的表达及与免疫浸润和预后的关系。

回顾性分析2018年8月至2022年12月108例HCC患者资料。通过免疫组织化学法（IHC）和逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）法检测HCC组织及相应的癌旁正常组织（距癌组织边缘>5 cm）中RPS21蛋白及mRNA的表达情况。数据应用SPSS 20.0软件处理。采用χ²检验或秩和检验分析RPS21与临床病理特征的关系，利用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析RPS21表达与预后的关系，采用Spearman秩相关分析RPS21与免疫浸润水平的相关性。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

IHC及RT-qPCR结果显示，HCC组织中RPS21蛋白的阳性表达率显著高于癌旁正常组织（84.3%vs.27.8%，P<0.05），且与癌旁正常组织相比，RPS21mRNA在HCC组织中表达显著上调［（10.1±1.1）vs.（5.5±0.8），P<0.05）］。RPS21高表达与TMN分期及Edmondson分级显著相关（P<0.05）。Spearman秩相关分析显示，HCC中RPS21表达与CD4⁺肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（CD4⁺TILs）、CD8⁺肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（CD8⁺TILs）、Foxp3⁺调节性Ｔ淋巴细胞（Foxp3⁺Trges）、CD11c⁺树突状细胞（CD11c⁺DCs）及CD163⁺肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（CD163⁺TAMs）的浸润数目呈正相关（P<0.05）。中位随访时间33个月，通过Kaplan-Meier分析显示，RPS21高表达组的患者累积总生存率及累积无病生存率显著低于RPS21低表达组（65.4%vs.81.5%，61.7%vs.77.8%），差异均有统计学意义（P=0.041、0.044）。

RPS21在HCC组织中呈高表达，且RPS21高表达与HCC的TMN分期、Edmondson分级、免疫浸润及预后密切相关。RPS21可能参与了HCC的发生和发展，同时也可能参免疫调节。

To study the expression of RPS21 in hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）and its relationship with immune invasion and prognosis.

A total of 108 HCC patients from August 2018 to December 2022 were retrospectively included as study subjects. Immunohistochemistry（IHC）and reverse transcriptional quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-qPCR）were used to detect the expression of RPS21 protein and mRNA in HCC tissues and corresponding paracancer tissues（>5 cm from the margin of cancer tissue）. The data was processed by SPSS 20.0 software. χ² test or Rank Sum test were used to analyze the relationship between RPS21 and clinicopathologic features，Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the relationship between RPS21 expression and prognosis，and Spearman Rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between RPS21 expression and immune infiltration level. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

IHC and RT-qPCR results showed that the positive expression rate of RPS21 protein in HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancer normal tissues（84.3%vs.27.8%，P<0.05），and compared with paracancer normal tissues，The expression of RPS21mRNA was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues［（10.1±1.1）vs.（5.5±0.8），P<0.05］. The high expression of RPS21 was significantly correlated with TMN stage and Edmondson grade（P<0.05）. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that Expression of RPS21 in HCC is associated with tumor macrotropia in CD4⁺ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes（CD4⁺TILs），CD8⁺TILs，Foxp3⁺ regulatory T lymphocytes（Foxp3⁺Trges），CD11c⁺ dendritic cells（CD11c⁺DCs），and CD163⁺ The infiltration number of macrophages（CD163⁺TAMs）was positively correlated（P<0.05）. After a median follow-up of 33 months，Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate of the high RPS21 expression group were significantly lower than those of the low RPS21 expression group（65.4%vs.81.5%，61.7%vs.77.8%）. The differences were statistically significant（P=0.041，0.044）.

RPS21 is highly expressed in HCC tissues，and the high expression of RPS21 is closely related to TMN stage，Edmondson grade，immune invasion and prognosis of HCC. RPS21 may be involved in the occurrence and development of HCC，and may also be involved in immune regulation.