近三十年间，在世界范围对于直肠癌的外科治疗，随着腹腔镜微创技术、全直肠系膜切除等手术理念和新辅助放化疗综合治疗的广泛发展和应用，直肠癌患者的预后得到了明显改善。而我国结直肠外科同道们在顺应世界潮流的同时，积极开展了对于腹腔镜直肠癌手术的相关研究，开展了一系列基于我国国情的直肠癌临床研究，并制定了相应的直肠癌外科治疗指南及专家共识。现今，我国对于直肠癌患者的治疗已进入个体化精准微创医疗时代。在这样的时代背景下，本文对我国腹腔镜直肠癌发展的28年做了系统的回顾，并对今后中国直肠癌外科治疗的未来进行了展望。

In the past 30 years, with the extensive development of laparoscopic minimally invasive technology and wide application of surgical concepts such as total mesorectal excision and neoadjuvantchemoradiotherapy, the prognosis of patients with rectal cancer has been significantly improved. At the same time, our colorectal surgery colleagues actively carried out the relevant clinical research of laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Under the leadership of the colorectal cancer group of the Surgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, a series of clinical studies on rectal cancer based on China’s national conditions have been carried out, and corresponding surgical treatment guidelines and expert consensus for rectal cancer have been developed. Nowadays, the treatment of rectal cancer patients in China has entered the era of individualized precise and minimally invasive medicine. This paper makes a systematic review of the development of laparoscopic rectal cancer in China in the past 28 years, furthermore proposes suggestions and prospects for future.