Laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer faces significant challenges in precise operation and postoperative functional preservation during low rectal cancer sphincter-preserving surgery due to the complex pelvic structure and narrow space. Robotic surgery has demonstrated excellent performance in low sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer and precise operation in complex anatomical areas, with patients showing rapid postoperative recovery and definite efficacy. However, it is still constrained by issues such as high cost and complex operation procedures. Based on this, this paper reviews the research progress on the clinical application of robotic-assisted technology in laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer, discusses its clinical value and challenges in intraoperative performance, postoperative recovery, complication control, and future development trends, aiming to provide references for its standardized promotion and further optimization.