Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant and extremely unfavorable prognosis solid tumor of the digestive system. Radical surgical resection remains the main treatment method for it, while underestimation of staging, positive surgical margins, and high recurrence rate are important factors affecting its clinical efficacy. Traditional imaging examinations still have deficiencies in detecting small lesions, precise staging, and intraoperative margin assessment. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging, as a new molecular imaging technology, has advantages such as real-time, sensitivity, no ionizing radiation, and easy integration with laparoscopic/surgical robot platforms. It has been recommended for application in the surgical treatment of many benign and malignant tumors of the digestive system. Among them, the second near-infrared window (NIR-Ⅱ, 1000-1700 nm) can provide a new technical path for precise diagnosis and intraoperative navigation of pancreatic cancer due to its advantages such as deep tissue penetration depth, high spatial resolution, excellent signal-to-noise ratio, and real-time visualization. In addition, near-infrared fluorescence molecular probes, as the key core of near-infrared imaging technology, their performance directly determines the imaging effect and application prospects. This article will review the design strategies, imaging targets, and their application in the construction of a diagnosis and treatment integrated platform of near-infrared fluorescence molecular probes in pancreatic cancer molecular imaging.