To explore the learning curve of unilateral thyroid cancer surgery through oral vestibular approach，and summarize the experience of 48 cases.

From July 2019 to June 2020，the data of 48 patients who underwent endoscopic unilateral thyroid cancer surgery via oral vestibular approach were retrospectively analyzed. According to the time of admission，48 patients were divided into four groups，A，B，C and D，with 12 cases in each group by moving average method. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Measurement data were expressed as（

All the 48 patients completed the operation successfully. The cavity formation time and operation time of A were significantly longer than those of B，C and D groups，and B was longer than that of C and D groups（P<0.05），and there was no significant difference between C and D groups（P>0.05）. The incidence of complications in group A was significantly higher than that in group C，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The incidence of complications in groups B and D was lower than that in group A，but there was no significant difference between the three groups（P>0.05）. The learning curve was drawn according to the cavity construction time and operation time. It was found that after 15 cases and 19 cases of operation，the cavity construction time and operation time changed from the learning period to the skilled period.

There is an obvious learning curve in transoral vestibular endoscopic unilateral thyroid cancer surgery. Beginners should complete at least 19 surgeries to master it. Doctors with rich experience in open thyroid surgery can successfully carry out endoscopic thyroid surgery through oral vestibular approach under the principle of careful selection of surgical indications，following the principle of “easy first，difficult then” and “step by step”.