In recent years，the concept of membrane anatomy has been widely applied in colorectal cancer surgery. The concept of "membrane" is associated with organ resection，radical tumor treatment，neurovascular anatomy and functional protection，which significantly promotes the further development of minimally invasive surgery for colorectal cancer. However，the definition of membrane structure，the establishment of membrane and surgical plane，especially for rectal cancer surgery，are still largely controversial.This study aims to investigate the concept and structure of low rectal cancer surgery related fascia，containing the fascia of low rectal cancer surgery，including proper fascia of rectum，pelvic fascia，Denonvilliers fascia，Waldeyer fascia and pelvicfascia，and discuss the principle of surgical plane for rectal cancer basing on fascia anatomy，to further standardize and improve the effect of minimally invasive surgery for low rectal cancer，and achieve the result of "radical tumor resection" and "function protection".