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中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (02) : 125 -129. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3946.2026.02.008

论著

胃癌手术患者肠外营养信息化全程管理的效果评价研究
黄家晴1,2, 李福涛3, 王婷文1,4, 陶亮5,(), 卞晓洁1,(), 管文贤5   
  1. 1210008 南京,南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院药学部
    2277100 山东枣庄,枣庄市立医院药学部
    3518101 深圳,深圳市宝安区妇幼保健院
    4533000 广西百色,右江民族医学院附属医院药学部
    5210008 南京,南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院普外科
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-04 出版日期:2026-04-26
  • 通信作者: 陶亮, 卞晓洁

Study on the effect evaluation of informated whole-process management of parenteral nutrition in patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery

Jiaqing Huang1,2, Futao Li3, Tingwen Wang1,4, Liang Tao4,(), Xiaojie Bian5,(), Wenxian Guan5   

  1. 1Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210008, China
    2Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang Shandong Province 277100, China
    3Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518101, China
    4Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise Guangxi Province 533000, China
    5Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210008, China
  • Received:2025-02-04 Published:2026-04-26
  • Corresponding author: Liang Tao, Xiaojie Bian
  • Supported by:
    Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the Development of Science Technology of Hubei Province--Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Nutrition Management(CXPJJH122005-13); Research project on high quality development of Hospital pharmacy, National Institute of Hospital Administration, NHC, China(NIHAYS2408)
引用本文:

黄家晴, 李福涛, 王婷文, 陶亮, 卞晓洁, 管文贤. 胃癌手术患者肠外营养信息化全程管理的效果评价研究[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 125-129.

Jiaqing Huang, Futao Li, Tingwen Wang, Liang Tao, Xiaojie Bian, Wenxian Guan. Study on the effect evaluation of informated whole-process management of parenteral nutrition in patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Operative Procedures of General Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(02): 125-129.

目的

探讨基于信息化全程营养管理体系构建的肠外营养(PN)治疗规范化流程的可行性和有效性,评估其在优化PN处方合理性、提升治疗效果、减少不良反应等方面的价值,为建立更安全、更有效的肠外营养治疗规范化流程信息化全程营养管理体系提供参考依据。

方法

采用单中心前瞻性随机整群对照研究方法,纳入2022年5月至10月胃癌胃切除术后需PN支持的210例患者,采用随机区组设计方案,以病区医疗组作为配伍因素,随机抽取一组作为干预组(n=105),其他组为对照组(n=105)。干预组由临床药师按所制定的肠外营养治疗规范化流程制定PN方案,对照组由临床医师依据常规经验制定PN方案。采用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。数据以(±s)或[例(%)]表示,采用独立样本t检验或χ2检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

结果

PN治疗后,对照组患者肌酐、血红蛋白和血钾水平下降,eGFR、甘油三酯、血小板、血钠和血钙水平升高(P<0.05),干预组患者上述指标变化趋势与对照组一致,并且谷草转氨酶和总胆红素水平下降,白蛋白水平升高(P<0.05)。组间比较显示,干预组患者白蛋白、血磷和血钾水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,干预组患者平均血糖水平、每日最高血糖值及波动幅度均显著优于对照组(P<0.05);干预组低钠血症、低磷血症和高血糖发生比例更低(P<0.05);干预组未出现能量和液体量不合理情况,显著优于对照组(P<0.05);干预组患者术后首次通气和通便时间更早,住院天数更少,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

基于信息化全程营养管理体系构建的肠外营养规范化组方流程显著提高PN处方的合理性,改善患者血糖及电解质控制,为实现更规范、完整的信息化全程营养管理提供了参考。

Objective

To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of a standardized parenteral nutrition (PN) treatment process constructed based on an informatized whole-process nutrition management system, evaluate its value in optimizing the rationality of PN prescriptions, improving treatment efficacy, and reducing adverse reactions, and provide a reference for establishing a safer and more effective informatized whole-process nutrition management system for standardized PN treatment processes.

Methods

A single-center prospective randomized cluster-controlled study was conducted. A total of 210 patients who required PN support after gastric cancer resection from May to October 2022 were enrolled. A randomized block design was adopted, with the ward medical team as the blocking factor. One group was randomly selected as the intervention group (n=105), and the other groups served as the control group (n=105). In the intervention group, clinical pharmacists formulated PN regimens in accordance with the established standardized PN treatment process; in the control group, clinical physicians formulated PN regimens based on conventional experience. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS 26.0 software. Data were expressed as (±s) or [cases (%)], and independent samples t test or χ2 test was used for comparison. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

After PN treatment: In the control group, levels of creatinine, hemoglobin, and blood potassium decreased, while levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), triglycerides, platelets, blood sodium, and blood calcium increased (all P<0.05). The intervention group showed the same changing trend of the above indicators as the control group; additionally, levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin decreased, and albumin level increased (all P<0.05). Inter-group comparison showed that levels of albumin, blood phosphorus, and blood potassium in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the intervention group had significantly better outcomes in terms of average blood glucose level, daily maximum blood glucose value, and blood glucose fluctuation range (all P<0.05). The incidence of hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, and hyperglycemia in the intervention group was lower (all P<0.05). There were no cases of unreasonable energy and fluid volume in the intervention group, which was significantly better than the control group (P<0.05). The intervention group had earlier times of first postoperative flatus and defecation, and fewer hospital stays, but the differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05).

Conclusion

The standardized PN formulation process constructed based on the informatized whole-process nutrition management system significantly improves the rationality of PN prescriptions and enhances the control of patients’ blood glucose and electrolytes, providing a reference for the implementation of a more standardized and comprehensive informatized whole-process nutrition management.

表1 两组胃癌手术患者临床基线特征比较
图1 肠外营养信息化全程营养管理体系
表2 肠外营养组方规范以及审方规则
指标 要点
能量 目标:20~30kcal/kg/d,肠外营养总能量不超过2000kcal/d
葡萄糖 葡萄糖总量≤7g/kg/d;葡萄糖总量宜≥50g/kg/d
氮量 蛋白质摄入量:1.2~1.5g/kg/d(实际体重)
非蛋白热卡:氨基酸氮量=100~200 : 1;重症患者可达到80~100 : 1
丙氨酰谷氨酰胺注射液≤2.5ml/kg/d;谷氨酰胺≤0.34g/kg/d
脂肪 推荐剂量1g/kg/d,最大量≤2g/kg/d
电解质[9,10] 一价阳离子总量应<150mmol/L,二价阳离子总量应<10mmol/L
血电解质正常患者:
钠:80~100mmol/d;氯:80~100mmol/d;钾:40~60mmol/d;镁:8~12mmol/d;磷:15~30mmol/d;钙:2.5~5mmol/d
血电解质异常患者:
补充氯化钾:血钾<3mmol/L,补充氯化钾7.5g/d;血钾3.1~3.2mmol/L,补充氯化钾6g/d;血钾3.3~3.4mmol/L,补充氯化钾4.5g/d
补充氯化钠:男性:补钠总量(mmol) = [142-患者血钠+(mmol/L)]×体重(kg)×0.6;女性:补钠总量(mmol) = [142-患者血钠+(mmol/L)]×体重(kg)×0.5;半量起补
维生素 维生素B1:3mg;维生素B2:3.6mg;烟酸:40mg;
叶酸:400ug;泛酸:15mg;
维生素B6:4mg;维生素B12:5ug;生物素:60ug;
维生素C:100mg;
维生素A:800ug;维生素D:5ug;维生素E:14mg;
维生素K:0.12mg
微量元素 铬:10~15ug;铜:2.0mg;氟:1.5mg;碘:150ug;
铁:1.5m;锰60~100mg;钼:60ug;硒:20~60ug;
锌:2.5~5mg
胰岛素[11] 不推荐在营养液中加入胰岛素,推荐使用胰岛素泵单独输注;
如无条件使用胰岛素泵,以糖胰岛素比10:1的起始比例将胰岛素加入营养液。
如患者血糖>8.3mmol/L,糖胰岛素比6:1;
2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖胰岛素比可高至为(3~5):1;
BMI<18.5kg/m2、1型糖尿病(T1DM)患者糖胰岛素比初始12:1,可低至20:1;
监测血糖范围处于3.9~13.9mmol/L
液体量 成人生理需要量30~40ml/kg/d,超过65岁25~30ml/kg/d
渗透压 外周静脉输注营养液渗透压≤900mosm/L
表3 两组患者使用PN前后实验室检查指标比较(±s
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