Despite the widespread use of laparoscopic techniques in right hemicolectomy for colon cancer in China and the significant progress made, key challenges remain. These include the complex anatomical structures, variable vascular variations, standardized lymphadenectomy ranges, and the selection of gastrointestinal reconstruction methods, all of which continue to limit the improvement and promotion of surgical quality. This article systematically elaborates on the critical difficulties and optimization strategies in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, combining the latest research advancements, expert consensus, and the practical experience of our center. The aim is to provide a reference for standardizing surgical procedures, improving surgical safety, and enhancing oncological outcomes.