Over the past two decades, China’s metabolic and bariatric surgery field has experienced rapid growth in surgical volume. However, it still faces numerous challenges, including insufficient standardization of surgical techniques, disparities in treatment concepts between medical and surgical approaches, and the emergence of novel weight-loss medications. Moving forward, it is essential to establish a multidisciplinary integrated treatment system, standardize the application of new surgical techniques, improve the national database, and conduct high-quality clinical research. Through specialized development and quality control, the discipline can transition from quantity-driven to quality-driven growth, thereby contributing to the realization of the "Healthy China 2030" strategic goals.