To explore the application of different puncture methods for cytological examination of thyroid nodule in patients. Methods A total of 120 patients who received ultrasound-guided thyroid nodule cytology from April 2018 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into 2 groups according to different puncture methods. Group A received negative pressure fine needle puncture cytology（FNNAC），group B received continuous negative pressure fine needle puncture cytology（FNAC），SPSS 21.0 software was used for analysis，measurement data were expressed as（

There were no significant differences in the average size of thyroid nodule，nodule blood flow，nodule number，calcification and internal composition between 2 groups（P>0.05）. Compared with the diagnostic results of postoperative pathological biopsy，there were no significant differences in positive predictive value，negative predictive value，sensitivity，specificity，Yoden index and diagnostic accuracy between the two groups of puncture methods（P>0.05）. The Kappa test values of cytological diagnosis results and pathological diagnosis results of puncture methods in group A and Group B were 0.630 and 0.621，and the diagnostic results of the two puncture methods were consistent with the pathological diagnosis results（P<0.05），and the consistency of the two methods with the pathological diagnosis results was similar（similar Kappa value）.

Fine needle puncture with or without negative pressure has similar effect in the diagnosis of thyroid nodule in patients，which is consistent with the pathological diagnosis results. Selective puncture and smear can be performed according to clinical needs.