To explore the influencing factors of surgical efficacy in patients with nodular goiter after unilateral thyroid lobectomy, and to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing surgical outcomes and postoperative management.

A total of 98 patients with nodular goiter who underwent unilateral thyroid lobectomy in our hospital from January 2021 to May 2024 were selected. Their clinical data were collected, including age, gender, preoperative thyroid function status, intraoperative pathological results, and postoperative recovery. According to the postoperative recovery, the patients were divided into a good efficacy group and a poor efficacy group. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to identify the influencing factors of surgical efficacy.

Among the 98 patients, 23 cases (23.5%) had poor postoperative efficacy. Univariate analysis showed that age, nodule type, maximum nodule diameter, preoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, and positive preoperative thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAB) were significantly correlated with surgical efficacy (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with the following characteristics had relatively poor surgical efficacy: age≥60 years (OR=14.578, P=0.003, 95%CI: 2.453-86.619), solid nodules (OR=7.600, P=0.037, 95%CI: 1.129-51.150), maximum nodule diameter≥3 cm (OR=7.621, P=0.027, 95%CI: 1.262-46.025), abnormal preoperative TSH level (OR=3.906, P=0.001, 95%CI: 1.798-8.485), and positive preoperative TPOAB (OR=6.894, P=0.040, 95%CI: 1.089-43.628).

The efficacy of unilateral thyroid lobectomy in patients with nodular goiter is affected by multiple factors. Among them, age ≥60 years, solid nodules, maximum nodule diameter≥3 cm, preoperative TSH level, and positive preoperative TPOAB are independent influencing factors.