To compare the therapeutic effects of single-port laparoscopic breast-conserving surgery via axillary approach versus traditional open breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer.

A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 102 patients with early breast cancer from February 2020 to February 2023. Based on different surgical protocols, they were divided into the open surgery group (n=51, receiving traditional open breast-conserving surgery) and the laparoscopic group (n=51, receiving single-port laparoscopic breast-conserving surgery via axillary approach). Data were processed using SPSS 25.0 software. measurement data with normal distribution were described as (±s) and analyzed by independent samples t test; counting data were analyzed by χ² test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The operation time in the laparoscopic group was longer than that in the open surgery group, while the intraoperative blood loss, surgical incision length, postoperative drainage volume, and hospital stay in the laparoscopic group were better than those in the open surgery group, and the consumable cost was higher in the laparoscopic group (P<0.05). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores of patients in the laparoscopic group at 2 hours and 24 hours after surgery were lower than those in the open surgery group (P<0.05). At 1 month after surgery, the scores of breast satisfaction, mental health, physical health (chest), and sexual health in the laparoscopic group were higher than those in the open surgery group (P<0.05); at 6 months after surgery, there were no statistically significant differences in the above scores between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in postoperative complications, or in recurrence and survival rates at 2 years after surgery (P>0.05).

Traditional open breast-conserving surgery and single-port laparoscopic breast-conserving surgery via axillary approach can achieve comparable therapeutic effects. However, single-port laparoscopic breast-conserving surgery via axillary approach can effectively relieve early postoperative pain, reduce intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume, shorten surgical incision length and hospital stay, and improve early postoperative satisfaction, but its consumable cost is higher.