Laparoscopic anterior resection has been widely verified in clinical practice for low rectal cancer. Recognition and separation of the surgical fascia are crucial for the protection of pelvic autonomic nerves with better postoperative quality of life for patients. Notes of laparoscopic anterior resection for low rectal cancer are as following: (1)Proper separation of rectal fascia and prehypogastric nerve fasia; (2)Sharp separation along with rectal posterior fascia; (3)Keep the completeness of rectal circumferential fascia; (4)Sufficient separation of rectal fascia to anorectal ring plane without residual mesorectum. It is proved that total mesorectal excision of rectal cancer based on the anatomy of the fascia is beneficial for protection of pelvic autonomic nerves and radical resection of tumor.