With the continuous advancement of fluorescence imaging technology, Indocyanine Green (ICG), as a near-infrared fluorescent dye, has demonstrated broad application prospects in the field of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. This article conducts a comprehensive collation and in-depth exploration of the applications of ICG in this field. Leveraging its unique fluorescent properties, ICG achieves real-time dynamic monitoring of liver uptake and excretion functions in terms of liver function assessment, providing clinicians with more accurate information on the functional status of the liver. In the diagnosis and treatment of liver tumors, ICG fluorescence imaging technology, with its high sensitivity and specificity, clearly displays tumor boundaries and tiny lesions, strongly supporting precise surgical resection. In biliary applications, ICG enhances the clarity of cholangiography, effectively reducing the risk of biliary tract injury, and plays a unique role in bile leakage monitoring, facilitating the timely detection and management of postoperative complications. In pancreatic applications, ICG has opened up new avenues for the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors and surgical navigation.