Abstract:

For locally advanced rectal cancer, the standard treatment regimen is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision.With the advent of the immunotherapy era, the synergistic anti-tumor effects of chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy have been validated in multiple clinical studies.For pMMR/MSS locally advanced rectal cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy has further improved the rates of clinical complete response and pathological complete response, and it holds promise for showing advantages in organ preservation and long-term survival.However,the safety concerns associated with the new treatment modality need close attention.Additionally, the evaluation of treatment efficacy, the screening of beneficiary populations, and the combination with other medications warrant further exploration.

Key words: Rectal Cancer, Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy, Immunotherapy