To compare the clinical effect of transanal total mesorectal excision and laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer.

The clinical data of 86 patients with rectal cancer treated in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2017 was analyzed retrospectively. According to different surgical methods, the patients were divided into transanal TME group (TaTME group) and laparoscopic TME group (LapTME group) with 43 cases in each group. The observed indicators were analyzed using SPSS17.0 software. The number of operation complications and preventive stoma, number of lymph nodes, positive number of circumferential resection margin, postoperative complications and local recurrence and distant metastasis of the tumor were compared by the Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability test, while The measurement data such as the intraoperative and postoperative index and the follow-up time was expressed by (±s), and t test was used for comparison between groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The operation time, postoperative eating time and postoperative ambulation time of the TaTME group were significantly shorter than those of the LapTME group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the amount of bleeding, postoperative complications, number of preventive stoma cases, postoperative hospitalization time, postoperative length of specimen, number of lymph node, number of positive cases of circumferential resection margin, tumor distance from the lower edge of the distance of cutting edge, follow-up time, local recurrence and distant metastasis cases between two groups (P>0.05).

Compared with the conventional laparoscopic TME, transanal TME for rectal cancer can effectively shorten the operation time, postoperative eating time and postoperative out of bed time, promote the postoperative recovery of patients. And can not increase the incidence of postoperative complications. It has more advantages in the circumferential margin and distal margin.