直肠癌盆腔解剖复杂，微创手术对精准解剖、肿瘤根治及功能保护提出了较高要求。近年来，腹腔镜、机器人、经肛手术及超低位保肛技术不断拓展直肠癌微创外科边界。与此同时，数字人工智能（AI）正逐步应用于术前影像分析、三维重建、手术风险评估及个体化方案制定，并通过术中解剖识别、实时导航和风险预警推动微创手术由机械辅助向智能协同发展。当前仍面临数据标准化不足、模型泛化能力有限及高级别临床证据缺乏等问题。未来，随着多模态数据融合和智能机器人技术发展，数字AI有望进一步提升直肠癌微创手术的精准性、安全性及质量同质化。

The complex pelvic anatomy of rectal cancer poses high demands on minimally invasive surgery in terms of precise dissection, radical tumor resection, and functional preservation. In recent years, laparoscopic, robotic, transanal, and ultra-low anterior resection techniques have continuously expanded the boundaries of minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer. Meanwhile, digital artificial intelligence (AI) is being increasingly applied to preoperative imaging analysis, 3D reconstruction, surgical risk assessment, and personalized treatment planning. By enabling intraoperative anatomical recognition, real-time navigation, and risk alerts, AI is driving the evolution of minimally invasive surgery from mechanical assistance toward intelligent, integrated development. However, challenges remain, including insufficient data standardization, limited model generalizability, and a lack of high-level clinical evidence. In the future, with advances in multimodal data integration and intelligent robotics, digital AI is expected to further enhance the precision, safety, and consistency of quality in minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery.