探讨新辅助治疗（NAT）结束至手术期间的乳腺癌（BC）生长情况。

回顾性分析2020年1月至2025年11月106例乳腺癌新辅助治疗后患者的临床资料，其中68.9%仅接受化疗（单纯化疗组），31.1%接受化疗联合抗人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）治疗（联合治疗组）。符合正态分布的连续变量以（

本研究纳入患者新辅助治疗结束至手术时间为8~28 d，均数为（15.0±3.2）d，95%样本数据集中于9~21 d，全部病例均在4周（28 d）内完成手术；各时间间隔（即新辅助治疗结束至手术、新辅助治疗结束至MRI检查、新辅助治疗后MRI检查至手术）与病理报告中记录的肿瘤大小均无显著相关性（P>0.05）。与病理肿瘤大小显著相关的唯一参数是新辅助治疗后MRI测量的肿瘤大小（r=0.820，P<0.001）。新辅助治疗后MRI与手术病理之间的肿瘤大小差异，与治疗结束至手术的时间间隔无相关性（P>0.05）。新辅助治疗后MRI上的残余肿瘤大小与治疗结束至手术时间间隔的比值，与手术病理中的肿瘤大小显著相关（P<0.001），这表明新辅助治疗在治疗结束数周后仍具有有益作用。

结合本研究全部病例均在新辅助治疗结束后4周内完成手术的入组标准、时间间隔与肿瘤进展无显著相关性的核心结果，同时参考国内外乳腺癌新辅助治疗临床实践中2~4周的常规手术窗口期，对于接受新辅助化疗的患者，在完成新辅助治疗后2~4周内进行手术是合理的，且不太可能导致残余肿瘤大小发生具有临床意义的变化。

To explore the tumor growth of breast cancer (BC) during the interval from the completion of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) to surgery.

The clinical data of 106 breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy treated between January 2020 and November 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 68.9% received chemotherapy alone (chemotherapy-only group), and 31.1% received chemotherapy combined with anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapy (combined therapy group). Continuous variables with normal distribution were expressed as （

The interval from the end of neoadjuvant therapy to surgery ranged from 8 to 28 days, with a mean of (15.0±3.2) days. The 95% reference range of the interval was 9 to 21 days, and all patients underwent surgery within 4 weeks (28 days) after NAT completion. No significant correlations were observed between each time interval (interval from NAT completion to surgery, interval from NAT completion to MRI examination, interval from post-NAT MRI to surgery) and tumor size recorded in pathological reports. The only parameter significantly correlated with pathological tumor size was the tumor size measured by MRI after neoadjuvant therapy (r=0.820), (P<0.001). The difference in tumor size between post-NAT MRI measurement and surgical pathology showed no correlation with the time interval from NAT completion to surgery (P>0.05). The ratio of residual tumor size on post-NAT MRI to the interval from NAT completion to surgery was significantly correlated with pathological tumor size (P<0.001), indicating that neoadjuvant therapy still exerted favorable effects for several weeks after treatment completion.

All enrolled patients underwent surgery within 4 weeks after neoadjuvant therapy. No significant correlation was found between time interval and tumor progression. Combined with the conventional surgical window of 2-4 weeks in domestic and international clinical practice for breast cancer after neoadjuvant therapy, performing surgery within 2 to 4 weeks after the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is reasonable. This time window is unlikely to cause clinically meaningful changes in residual tumor size.